伊斯蘭教法對清真食品的規範 Islamic Guidelines of Halal Food

伊斯蘭教法對清真食品的規範

Islamic Guidelines of Halal Food

一、除了伊斯蘭載明之違反教法的食物以外，其它所有食物都是合乎教法的清真食品

I. All kinds of food are Halal except what is mentioned as Haram.

阿拉在《古蘭經》第2章第172節說：「你們信仰的人啊！如果你們真的在崇拜阿拉的話，就要吃那些祂所為你們準備的美好食物，並心存感激。」

Allah says in Chapter 2 Verse 172, “O you who have believed, eat from the good things which We have provided for you and be grateful to Allah if you are really worshipping Him.”

祂在第5章第4節說：「他們問你(穆罕默德)什麼是合乎教法的食物，你要說：『合乎教法的食物就是美好的食物，以及阿拉教你如何訓練動物以幫你獵捕到的食物，因此，吃那些牠們所為你獵捕到的食物，並且在吃之前誦唸阿拉尊名，要敬畏阿拉。』阿拉的清算真的很迅速。」

And He says in Chapter 5 Verse 4, “They ask you Muhammad what has been made lawful for them. Say, ‘Lawful for you are good food and game caught by what you have trained of hunting animals which you train as Allah has taught you. So eat of what they catch for you, and mention the name of Allah upon it, and fear Allah.’ Indeed, Allah is swift in account.”

祂在第6章第145節說：「你要說：『從降示給我的東西裡面，我從來沒有看見任何禁止食用的東西，除非是自行死亡的動物或流出的血，以及豬肉──它真的是不純潔的東西，還有那些沒有服從阿拉、非誦祂尊名而宰殺的動物。但假使因為被迫而必須食用──他既不樂意吃下去也沒有逾越尺度的話，誠然，你的主是充滿寬恕與慈憫的。』」

And He says in Chapter 6 Verse 145, “Say, ‘I do not find within that which was revealed to me anything forbidden to one who would eat it unless it be a dead animal or blood spilled out or the flesh of swine, for indeed, it is impure, or it be that slaughtered in disobedience, dedicated to other than Allah. But whoever is forced by necessity, neither desiring it nor transgressing its limit, then indeed, your Lord is Forgiving and Merciful.’"

從這三節經文可知，所有美好與健康的食物都是合乎教法的清真食品，因此，任何人只要說這個食物或那個食品違反教法而不可食用，他就必須從《古蘭經》或聖訓裡提出證明，才能說它是不合教法的。

From those three verses, we can know that every good and healthy food is Halal, therefore whoever says that this food or that item is Haram, he should give us the proof from Quran or Hadith that it is Haram.

二、豬肉及豬肉製品、自行死亡或非經伊斯蘭宰殺方式而死亡的動物、酒精及所有會產生酒精的物體、以及任何明顯會傷害身體的食品──這些都是不合教法的食物

II. Pork and pork products, animals killed or dead without being slaughtered in Islamic way, alcohol and all what cause liquor, any food that is clearly cause damages to the body, are all Haram.

阿拉在《古蘭經》第5章第3節說：「禁止你們食用的東西包括自行死亡的動物、血、豬肉、非誦阿拉尊名而宰殺的動物、被勒斃或重擊或頭墜地或被角牴死之動物、被野生動物啃食過的動物──除非你能在牠死亡前宰殺牠、以及在神壇石上宰殺的供品。除此之外，禁止你們射箭求籤，那是深重的罪惡」

Allah says in Chapter 5 Verse 3, “Prohibited to you are dead animals, blood, the flesh of swine, and that which has been dedicated to other than Allah, and those animals killed by strangling or by a violent blow or by a head-long fall or by the goring of horns, and those from which a wild animal has eaten, except what you are able to slaughter before its death, and those which are sacrificed on stone altars, and prohibited is that you seek decision through divining arrows. That is grave disobedience.”

阿拉在第5章第90節說：「你們這些信仰者啊！有毒物品(任何會產生酒精的東西)、賭博、在神壇石上為阿拉以外的對象而宰殺的供品、以及射箭求籤都是撒旦用來汙染你們的詭計，所以你們要避而遠之，才能得到勝利。」

And Allah says in Chapter 5 Verse 90, “O you who have believed, indeed, intoxicants (whatever cause liquor), gambling, sacrificing on stone alters to other than Allah, and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Satan, so avoid it that you may be successful.”

三、所有海鮮都是合乎教法的清真食品

III. All kinds of seafood are Halal regardless other issues.

阿拉允許我們吃所有海鮮且不帶任何特殊條件，祂在第5章第96節說：「你在海洋捕獲的食物都是合教法的食物，這是給你們和旅行者的給養，唯獨在朝覲或副朝時禁止獵捕陸生動物。要敬畏阿拉，你們將被聚集在祂那裏。」

Allah gives us an exception of eating some animals and those are seafood in general without any details as He says in Chapter 5 Verse 96, “Lawful to you is game from the sea and its food as provision for you and the travelers, but forbidden to you is game from the land as long as you are in the state of ihram. And fear Allah to whom you will be gathered.”

從這節經文可知，只要是海鮮，無論牠們是如何捕獲、如何宰殺、由誰宰殺、有何種外型或有那些名稱，基本上都是穆斯林可以享用的食物。

From this verse, we can see that all seafood is ok for Muslims to eat no matter how was it captured, how was it killed and by who, and regardless the shape or name of this seafood.

四、對於你所無法肯定的東西，絕不要因為你不確定就斷言它是不合教法的，對於你所不確定的事物的最好回答就是：「我不知道。」

IV. Never say Haram about something you are not sure it is Haram simply because you don’t want to say Halal. Say “I don’t know” is the best answer.

食用不合教法的食物和飲料是違反伊斯蘭教法的，然而，我們也必須知道，將合乎教法的食物視為不合教法的食物，也會違反伊斯蘭教法，這在《古蘭經》講得非常清楚。

We also need to know that same as how it is Haram to eat or drink Haram things, it is also Haram to consider Halal thing as Haram and it is clear in Quran.

阿拉在第5章第87節說：「你們這些信仰者啊！不要禁止人們享用阿拉所賜予你們合乎教法的美好事物，且不要逾越尺度，阿拉真的不喜歡逾越尺度的人。」

Allah says in Chapter 5 Verse 87, “O you who have believed, do not prohibit the good things which Allah has made lawful to you and do not transgress. Indeed, Allah does not like transgressors.”

阿拉在第7章第32節說：「你要說：『誰在禁止人們享用阿拉為祂僕人所創造的美好服飾以及所提供的合法美食？』你要說：『那些是為世上的信仰者所準備，且讓他們在復活日獨享。」因此，我將這些經文詳述給能領會的人聽。」

And He says in Chapter 7 Verse 32, “Say, ‘Who has forbidden the adornment of Allah which He has produced for His servants and the good lawful things of provision?’ Say, ‘They are for those who believe during the worldly life but exclusively for them on the Day of Resurrection.’ Thus do We detail the verses for a people who know.”

◆ 清真認證工作常見的謬誤

Common mistakes some organizations do regarding issuing Halal certificates

◆ 工廠或餐廳內部就算擺有神像也不影響取得清真認證的合法性，因為他們的信仰與我們無關，只要他們的產品符合上述伊斯蘭教法的規範，則伊斯蘭機構就可以授予其清真證書。

It is ok for factories or restaurants which have idols inside for worshipping to have Halal certificate because it is their own beliefs and is not our business. Therefore we can issue them Halal certificates as long as they fit the requirements of Halal based on the issues mentioned above.

◆ 只要是合乎教法的清真食品，像是蔬菜、水果、海鮮或清真肉品，就算被人拿去其它的宗教裡面拜過，我們還是可以食用，因為他人的意念與信仰並不會改變這個食品是清真的事實。

Halal food such as vegetables, fruits, seafood, and Halal meat are ok for us to eat even if others already used them for worshipping. The thoughts and beliefs of others will not be able to change the reality of the Halal food.

◆ 伊斯蘭有伊斯提哈腊這個概念，亦即，原本不合教法的東西經過化學變化後轉變成完全不同的另一種物質。就伊斯蘭而言，我們所關切的是事實的結果，倘若一個原本不合教法的東西最後轉變成完全不同的另一種物質，像是酒變成醋，只要最後產生的結果不再是違反教法的東西，則穆斯林就可以食用。

We have what we call ISTIHALA, which is when a Haram thing is chemically changed into something else. So in Islam, we care about the result. If a Haram thing is changed into something else, such as wine changed into vinegar, then it is ok to be used if the result at the end is something not Haram.